Características clínicas y metabólicas de síndrome de ovario poliquístico en la ciudad de Temuco / Clinical and metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome in the city of Temuco

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder, its etiologyis multifactorial. It is associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities. Objective: To evaluate statistical association between the clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with PCOS. Patients and Methods: Descriptive study, 121 patients between 13 and 44 years with PCOS were included, and their clinical characteristics, blood glucose, insulin, lipid profile and calculated HOMA were evaluated. Data was analyzed with Chi2, considering p < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: Mean age 25,5 years, 12,5 years menarche. 22 percent with a history of abortion. Mean BMI 31,4. Acanthosis nigricans was presented in 58,6 percent. Average Glucose 96,5 mg/dl. Insulin resistance (IR) was found in 79.3 percent. Average HOMA 4,5. 64 percent of patients with IR presented Acanthosis nigricans (p = 0.002).It showed direct relationship between BMI and RI (p 0.000). 38,8 percent had dysglycemia. RI was found in 78,7 percent of patients with dysglycemia (p 0.8). Lipid profile was measured in 78 patients, of whom 40 percent had total cholesterol above 200 mg/dl, 49 percent hypertriglyceridemia and high LDL in 13 percent of cases. Conclusions: The data reported are similar to those reported in the international literature. Ourpopulation has obesity and dyslipidemia figures higher than those reported in national studies. The menarche occurs at a younger age while the prevalence of dyslipidemia and RI is greater than the general population, forming a higher risk group...

Manejo de la infección por Clostridium difficile, a propósito de un caso complejo / Management of Clostridium difficile infection, in relation to a complex case

Clostridium difficile diarrhea is one of the most important health care–related infections in the world, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality with high economic costs. Treatment consists basically on the use of antibiotics. Metronidazole is the first-line agent. Vancomycin is reserved for more serious cases, or for patients who do not respond to treatment with metronidazole; however, there is a significant percentage of patients that can be refractory to the initial treatment or can have recurrences. For these cases a treatment option is fidaxomicin, but its use is limited due to high costs. In this context, an alternative treatment option is fecal transplant, which has proven to be highly effective in treatment of recurrent condition nonresponsive to traditional management. We present a case of a young female patient with a chronic renal failure in hemodialysis, with chronic diarrhea due to Clostridium difficile. This patient was treated at a public health facility in the south of Chile; in a site with difficult access to complex diagnostic techniques and new treatments. After non-response to management with traditional antibiotics and several months with diarrhea; the fecal transplantation was perform with a rapid and symptomatic improvement.

La diarrea por Clostridium difficile es una de las infecciones asociadas a atención en salud más importantes a nivel mundial, y está asociada a importante morbimortalidad y a elevados costos económicos. El tratamiento se basa en el uso de antibióticos, para lo que se utiliza metronidazol como agente de primera línea, y vancomicina, que se reserva para casos más graves, o pacientes que no responden al tratamiento con metronidazol; no obstante, existe un importante porcentaje de pacientes que pueden ser refractarios al tratamiento inicial o tener recurrencias. Para estos casos una opción de tratamiento es fidaxomicina, sin embargo, su uso está limitado por su elevado costo. En este contexto surge como alternativa el trasplante fecal, nueva alternativa que ha probado ser altamente eficaz en tratamientos de recidivas que no responden al manejo tradicional. A continuación se describe el caso de una paciente joven portadora de insuficiencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis, con diarrea crónica por Clostridium difficile, tratada en un centro del sistema público de salud del sur de Chile, centro con dificultades tanto para acceder a técnicas diagnósticas complejas, como a tratamientos de última generación. Luego de no responder al manejo antibiótico tradicional, tras meses con diarrea crónica, es sometida a trasplante fecal con rápida mejoría sintomática.